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databases

Only databases that were named by at least 1 percent of the participants are mentioned below. There were no additional mentions beyond the pre-selection this year - possibly indicating a market with high entry barriers.

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Databases developers use

  • Compared to the previous year, PostgreSQL continued its trend and gained almost 10 percentage points in the number of mentions. But MySQL and its very popular community fork MariaDB also continued to gain. In general, open source databases continue to gain mentions while proprietary solutions remain stable or decrease.
  • At the same time, databases for special use cases such as Elasticsearch in the search area and SQLite for directly embedding SQL into an application are finding more mentions. If we had to make a prediction for the future, we would say that Microsoft SQL will also be "open sourced" in one form or another at some point.

Used 2020

  

Used 2021

  

MySQL

45

MySQL

48

PostgreSQL

39

PostgreSQL

48

Microsoft SQL Server

35

Microsoft SQL Server

35

Oracle

31

Oracle

30

SQLite

26

SQLite

29

MariaDB

23

MariaDB

25

Elasticsearch

20

Elasticsearch

24

MongoDB

17

H2

16

Redis

16

Redis

15

H2

15

MongoDB

14

Kafka

10

Kafka

10

Firebase

9

Lucene

8

Lucene

7

Firebase

7

IBM Db2

5

Google Cloud Storage

5

InfluxDB

5

InfluxDB

5

Google Cloud Storage

4

ArangoDB

5

Memcached

4

IBM Db2

5

C-Tree

4

Amazon RDS/Aurora

5

Amazon RDS/Aurora

3

Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

3

Hazelcast

3

Amazon DynamoDB

3

Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

3

Memcached

3

Neo4j

2

Neo4j

2

Pervasive

2

Cassandra

2

Amazon DynamoDB

2

Hazelcast

2

Cassandra

2

C-Tree

1

SAP HANA

2

SAP HANA

1

Apache Jackrabbit Oak

1

Google Cloud Datastore

1

DynamoDB

1

Google BigQuery

1

Google Cloud Datastore

1

ADABAS

1

Couchbase

1

Couchbase

1

Google BigQuery

1

Apache Hive

1

Firebird

1

Apache Jackrabbit Oak

1

Databases developers would like to use

  • When asked which database developers would like to try out again, participation this year was rather reserved. For the most frequently mentioned database, only 10 percent of all survey participants gave an answer (multiple answers are possible).
  • Here, MongoDB gained a little and Kafka moved up a few positions. But due to the low participation, the significance of the numbers for a concrete comparison is low.
  • What can be said is that the motivation to try out another database is much lower than, for example, to try out a new programming language.

Would like to use 2020

  

Would like to use 2021

  

PostgreSQL

9

MongoDB

10

MongoDB

8

PostgreSQL

9

Elasticsearch

7

Elasticsearch

8

Kafka

7

Redis

7

Redis

5

Neo4j

6

MySQL

4

Firebase

5

Neo4j

4

Lucene

5

Firebase

3

Kafka

4

Google Cloud Storage

3

Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

4

Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

3

MySQL

3

Cassandra

3

SQLite

3

MariaDB

3

Cassandra

3

Couchbase

2

MariaDB

3

Google BigQuery

2

InfluxDB

3

Amazon RDS/Aurora

2

Microsoft SQL Server

2

Hazelcast

2

ArangoDB

2

Microsoft SQL Server

1

Google Cloud Storage

2

InfluxDB

1

Amazon DynamoDB

2

Memcached

1

Hazelcast

2

Lucene

1

Couchbase

2

SQLite

1

Google BigQuery

2

DynamoDB

1

Amazon RDS/Aurora

2

Apache Hive

1

Apache Hive

2

Google Cloud Datastore

1

Memcached

1

H2

1

Google Cloud Datastore

1

Amazon DynamoDB

1

Oracle

1
   

Teradata

1
   

Amazon Redshift

1
   

Apache HBase

1
   

Firebird

1
   

IBM Db2

1
   

SAP HANA

1
   

ADABAS

1
   

Pervasive

1
   

H2

1
   

C-Tree

1
   

Apache Jackrabbit Oak

1

Databases developers like

PostgreSQL continues to gain popularity here as well. It looks like most databases have received a little more mentions. Otherwise, the numbers are very stable compared to last year with mostly only small changes between 1 and 3 percentage points.

Liked 2020

  

Liked 2021

  

Used 2021

  

PostgreSQL

36

PostgreSQL

44

MySQL

48

MySQL

32

MySQL

35

PostgreSQL

48

SQLite

23

SQLite

23

Microsoft SQL Server

35

Microsoft SQL Server

20

Microsoft SQL Server

23

Oracle

30

MariaDB

17

Elasticsearch

19

SQLite

29

MongoDB

17

MariaDB

19

MariaDB

25

Elasticsearch

17

MongoDB

16

Elasticsearch

24

Redis

15

Redis

14

H2

16

Oracle

13

Oracle

14

Redis

15

H2

12

H2

11

MongoDB

14

Kafka

10

Kafka

9

Kafka

10

Firebase

7

Lucene

8

Lucene

8

Lucene

6

Firebase

7

Firebase

7

Neo4j

6

Neo4j

5

Google Cloud Storage

5

Google Cloud Storage

4

InfluxDB

4

InfluxDB

5

InfluxDB

4

ArangoDB

4

ArangoDB

5

Memcached

4

Amazon RDS/Aurora

3

IBM Db2

5

Cassandra

3

Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

3

Amazon RDS/Aurora

5

Amazon RDS/Aurora

3

Google Cloud Storage

3

Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

3

Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

3

Cassandra

3

Amazon DynamoDB

3

Hazelcast

2

Amazon DynamoDB

3

Memcached

3

Google BigQuery

2

Memcached

2

Neo4j

2

IBM Db2

2

IBM Db2

2

Cassandra

2

SAP HANA

2

Google BigQuery

1

Hazelcast

2

Couchbase

2

Apache Hive

1

C-Tree

1

Google Cloud Datastore

1

Hazelcast

1

SAP HANA

1

C-Tree

1

Google Cloud Datastore

1

Google Cloud Datastore

1

DynamoDB

1

SAP HANA

1

Google BigQuery

1

Amazon DynamoDB

1

C-Tree

1

ADABAS

1

Apache Jackrabbit Oak

1

Apache Jackrabbit Oak

1

Couchbase

1

Apache Hive

1

Couchbase

1

Apache Hive

1

ArangoDB

1

    

Apache Jackrabbit Oak

1

Firebird

1

        

Pervasive

1

        

Apache HBase

1

        

ADABAS

1

        

Databases developers don't like

In the case of antipathy towards specific databases, there were rather few responses, as in the previous year. Changes are all smaller than 2 percentage points.

Not liked 2020

  

Not liked 2021

  

Liked 2021

  

Oracle

19

Oracle

18

PostgreSQL

44

Microsoft SQL Server

13

Microsoft SQL Server

14

MySQL

35

MySQL

12

MySQL

12

SQLite

23

IBM Db2

6

IBM Db2

5

Microsoft SQL Server

23

MongoDB

4

Elasticsearch

4

Elasticsearch

19

MariaDB

4

MariaDB

4

MariaDB

19

Elasticsearch

4

MongoDB

4

MongoDB

16

SAP HANA

3

SQLite

3

Redis

14

PostgreSQL

3

Firebase

2

Oracle

14

Firebase

3

PostgreSQL

2

H2

11

Pervasive

3

H2

2

Kafka

9

SQLite

2

Amazon RDS/Aurora

2

Lucene

8

Kafka

2

ADABAS

2

Firebase

7

H2

2

Amazon DynamoDB

1

Neo4j

5

C-Tree

2

Kafka

1

InfluxDB

4

Google Cloud Storage

2

Lucene

1

ArangoDB

4

Amazon RDS/Aurora

2

Neo4j

1

Amazon RDS/Aurora

3

Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

2

Cassandra

1

Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

3

Neo4j

2

Memcached

1

Google Cloud Storage

3

Amazon DynamoDB

2

InfluxDB

1

Cassandra

3

Cassandra

1

Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

1

Amazon DynamoDB

3

Couchbase

1

Google Cloud Storage

1

Memcached

2

Memcached

1

SAP HANA

1

IBM Db2

2

Apache Jackrabbit Oak

1

Apache Jackrabbit Oak

1

Google BigQuery

1

Lucene

1

Redis

1

Apache Hive

1

Firebird

1

ArangoDB

1

Hazelcast

1

Hazelcast

1

Google BigQuery

1

Google Cloud Datastore

1

ArangoDB

1

C-Tree

1

SAP HANA

1

Google BigQuery

1

Couchbase

1

C-Tree

1

DynamoDB

1

Amazon Redshift

1

Apache Jackrabbit Oak

1

Teradata

1

Firebird

1

Couchbase

1

Google Cloud Datastore

1

        

Redis

1

        

Apache HBase

1

        

ADABAS

1

        

Apache Hive

1

        

Amazon Redshift

1

        

InfluxDB

1

        

Databases developers want to adopt

Here are all the top 10 databases this year open source solutions and Oracle was not mentioned once.

Adopt 2020

  

Adopt 2021

  

Would like to use 2021

  

PostgreSQL

14

PostgreSQL

13

MongoDB

10

Elasticsearch

7

Redis

6

PostgreSQL

9

MongoDB

6

MongoDB

6

Elasticsearch

8

Redis

6

Elasticsearch

6

Redis

7

Kafka

5

Kafka

5

Neo4j

6

MariaDB

5

Lucene

4

Firebase

5

MySQL

3

MariaDB

4

Lucene

5

SQLite

3

SQLite

4

Kafka

4

Microsoft SQL Server

3

MySQL

3

Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

4

Firebase

3

Neo4j

3

MySQL

3

H2

2

Microsoft SQL Server

3

SQLite

3

Neo4j

2

Amazon RDS/Aurora

2

Cassandra

3

Google Cloud Storage

2

H2

2

MariaDB

3

Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

2

InfluxDB

2

InfluxDB

3

Cassandra

1

Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

2

Microsoft SQL Server

2

Amazon RDS/Aurora

1

Firebase

1

ArangoDB

2

Google BigQuery

1

Cassandra

1

Google Cloud Storage

2

InfluxDB

1

Google Cloud Storage

1

Amazon DynamoDB

2

Lucene

1

Amazon DynamoDB

1

Hazelcast

2

Memcached

1

ArangoDB

1

Couchbase

2

Google Cloud Datastore

1

Apache Hive

1

Google BigQuery

2

Amazon DynamoDB

1

Oracle

1

Amazon RDS/Aurora

2

Couchbase

1

    

Apache Hive

2

DynamoDB

1

    

Memcached

1

SAP HANA

1

    

Google Cloud Datastore

1
       

Oracle

1
       

Teradata

1
       

Amazon Redshift

1
       

Apache HBase

1
       

Firebird

1
       

IBM Db2

1
       

SAP HANA

1
       

ADABAS

1
       

Pervasive

1
       

H2

1
       

C-Tree

1
       

Apache Jackrabbit Oak

1

Databases developers want to replace

In this question, the frontrunners are still Oracle, MySQL and Microsoft SQL. It should be mentioned here that there was a major spin-off at MySQL after the takeover by Oracle with the MariaDB project. Whether the participants would like to replace MySQL with MariaDB or PostgreSQL cannot be said on the basis of the figures.

Replace 2020

  

Replace 2021

  

Used 2021

  

Oracle

16

Oracle

17

MySQL

48

MySQL

12

MySQL

12

PostgreSQL

48

Microsoft SQL Server

8

Microsoft SQL Server

8

Microsoft SQL Server

35

IBM Db2

3

IBM Db2

4

Oracle

30

MariaDB

3

MariaDB

3

SQLite

29

MongoDB

3

Elasticsearch

3

MariaDB

25

SQLite

3

MongoDB

2

Elasticsearch

24

Pervasive

3

SQLite

2

H2

16

Firebase

2

H2

2

Redis

15

H2

2

Amazon RDS/Aurora

1

MongoDB

14

PostgreSQL

1

Firebase

1

Kafka

10

Elasticsearch

1

PostgreSQL

1

Lucene

8

Memcached

1

Kafka

1

Firebase

7

SAP HANA

1

SAP HANA

1

Google Cloud Storage

5

C-Tree

1

Neo4j

1

InfluxDB

5

Neo4j

1

Amazon DynamoDB

1

ArangoDB

5

Lucene

1

ADABAS

1

IBM Db2

5

Cassandra

1

Apache Jackrabbit Oak

1

Amazon RDS/Aurora

5

Couchbase

1

Lucene

1

Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

3

Apache Jackrabbit Oak

1

InfluxDB

1

Amazon DynamoDB

3

Firebird

1

Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

1

Memcached

3

Apache HBase

1

    

Neo4j

2

Teradata

1

    

Cassandra

2
       

Hazelcast

2
       

C-Tree

1
       

SAP HANA

1
       

Google Cloud Datastore

1
       

Google BigQuery

1
       

ADABAS

1
       

Couchbase

1
       

Apache Hive

1
       

Apache Jackrabbit Oak

1

Databases developers want to keep

PostgreSQL wins here, but Microsoft SQL Server also seems to have gained a few percentage points.

Keep 2020

  

Keep 2021

  

Replace 2021

  

PostgreSQL

22

PostgreSQL

28

Oracle

17

MySQL

20

MySQL

22

MySQL

12

Microsoft SQL Server

14

Microsoft SQL Server

17

Microsoft SQL Server

8

SQLite

14

SQLite

13

IBM Db2

4

MariaDB

12

MariaDB

13

MariaDB

3

Elasticsearch

11

Elasticsearch

12

Elasticsearch

3

Oracle

9

Oracle

9

MongoDB

2

Redis

9

H2

9

SQLite

2

H2

8

MongoDB

7

H2

2

MongoDB

7

Redis

7

Amazon RDS/Aurora

1

Kafka

4

Kafka

6

Firebase

1

Firebase

3

Lucene

6

PostgreSQL

1

Lucene

3

Firebase

3

Kafka

1

Memcached

2

ArangoDB

3

SAP HANA

1

InfluxDB

2

InfluxDB

2

Neo4j

1

Google Cloud Storage

2

Google Cloud Storage

2

Amazon DynamoDB

1

Amazon RDS/Aurora

2

Amazon RDS/Aurora

2

ADABAS

1

Neo4j

2

Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

1

Apache Jackrabbit Oak

1

C-Tree

1

Memcached

1

Lucene

1

Hazelcast

1

IBM Db2

1

InfluxDB

1

Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

1

Neo4j

1

Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

1

IBM Db2

1

Cassandra

1

    

Cassandra

1

Amazon DynamoDB

1

    

DynamoDB

1

Google BigQuery

1

    

Google BigQuery

1

Hazelcast

1

    

SAP HANA

1

SAP HANA

1

    

Google Cloud Datastore

1

C-Tree

1

    

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